Ried out within the Laboratory of Cognitive Science and Immersive Virtual
Ried out in the Laboratory of Cognitive Science and Immersive Virtual Reality, Department of Psychology, Second University of Naples, Caserta (Italy). The IVR gear is installed in a rectangular space (five m64 m63 m) and contains the PubMed ID:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24367588 3D Vizard Virtual Reality Toolkit Devices for Integrated VR Setups and Position Tracking System. Virtual stimuli have been presented by way of the nVisor SX (NVIS, USA) head mounted show (HMD) with two displays providing stereoscopic depth (around 30 occasions a sec.). The stereoscopic photos run at 2806024 resolution, refreshed at 60 Hz. The virtual scenario spanned 60 degrees horizontally by 38 degrees vertically. Graphics card made use of Vizard softwares (WorldViz, USA). Head orientation was tracked by a threeaxis orientation sensor (InertiaCube3; Intersense, USA) and head position by a passive optical tracking program (Precision Position Tracker, PPTH4; WorldViz, USA). Graphics displayed inside the HMD have been updated around the basis of sensed position and orientation of participant’s head. Additionally, the Data Glove, a glove equipped with four tactilepressures sensors offering the sense of hand movement, was also used. Graphics modeling were made by 3D Google Sketch Up 7.0 freesoftware. The position and orientation tracking systems allowed participants to realistically experience dynamic and stereoscopic visuomotor input as if they have been in front of natural stimuli.Virtual StimuliVirtual environment. The virtual room measured 3 m62.four m63 m. It consisted of green walls, white ceiling and grey floor. Around the floor, a dashed white line from the participants’ starting position till the finish on the virtual area was traced.Reaching and Comfort Distance in Virtual Social InteractionsParticipants could move forwardbackward devoid of colliding with any true obstacle [26]. Virtual agents. Pilot studies were performed to pick the avatars most related to human beings (rated on a 5point scale). The selected human avatars represented male and C.I. 42053 custom synthesis female adults aged about 30 years and perceived as representation of Italian citizens. As shown in Figure , male and female avatars kept their arms extended along the body. An anthropomorphic robot plus a cylinder were also employed (see Figure ). The height on the virtual stimuli was 75 cm. The gaze of human avatars and anthropomorphic robot was kept seeking straight ahead all through the experimental sessions and their facial expression was neutral [26]. Due to the fact distance can be influenced by familiar size in impoverished visual environments [33], inside a manage experiment 20 participants (half females) judged the height of each and every virtual stimulus though positioned at 3 counterbalanced positions from them (.5 m, two m and 3 m). The results showed that all virtual stimuli have been perceived with all the identical height independently of the distance from the perceiver (F,).ProcedureThe experimenter introduced participants to the IVR devices to make them acquainted using the virtual world. All participants received written guidelines about the activity that have been then orally repeated by the experimenter. Then, there was a familiarization phase. Participants wore the HMD plus the Data Glove and were allowed to explore freely the virtual space. Information Glove was applied to create participants perceive their arm fully stretched in the virtual scene. By means of the HMD, participants were fully immersed within the virtual area where they could see the virtual stimuli and could make in depth exploratory movements. They could not see any a part of th.
