Re, the expected minimum speak to stress pmin = 2.74 MPa. The maximum make contact with stress pmax that the extrusion roller can bear with out plastic deformation is as follows [11]: pmax = 1 – ( d two ) / D 3+( d 4 ) s2 D (two)exactly where s2 is definitely the yield strength with the roller sleeve, s2 = 835 MPa, D will be the outer diameter on the roller sleeve, and D = 1800 mm; pmax = 259.42 MPa was obtained. The partnership between the interference along with the speak to pressure amongst the roller shaft plus the roller sleeve is as follows [11]: = pd( C1 C + 2) E1 E2 (3)exactly where C1 = [d2 + d2 ]/[d2 – d2 ] – , C2 = [ D2 + d2 ]/[ D2 – d2 ] + , and exactly where may be the 1 1 interference, p may be the speak to pressure in between the roller shaft plus the roller sleeve, C1 will be the rigidity coefficient of your roller shaft, C2 may be the rigidity coefficient with the roller sleeve, E1 will be the elastic modulus with the roller shaft, E2 is definitely the elastic modulus with the roller sleeve, is the Poisson’s ratio of your roller shaft, will be the Poisson’s ratio of your roller sleeve, and d1 is the inner diameter from the roller shaft; thus d1 = 200 mm. The partnership amongst the maximum stress from the roller shaft 1max , the maximum tension in the roller sleeve 2max , plus the speak to pressure pf is as follows [8]: 1max = 2max =pf a(4) (five)pf c where a and c would be the roller shaft and roller sleeve coefficients, respectively.d a = [1 – ( d1 ) ]/2 = 0.49, c = [1 – ( D ) ]/2 = 0.28. d The interference amongst the roller shaft as well as the roller sleeve = 1.45 mm, obtain the corresponding speak to stress pf = 69.05 MPa, pmin pf pmax , which meets the needs of contact stress. The maximum strain of your roller shaft 1max = 140.92 MPa s1 = 930 MPa, and also the maximum strain with the roller sleeve 2max = 246.61 MPa s2 = 835 MPa. It can be observed that the interference = 1.45 mm meets the strength requirement.two.two. Extrusion Force of Extrusion Roller The extrusion force on the extrusion roller need to be deemed according to the law of material compression and rebound characteristics. Just after entering the compression zone, the material is extruded by the extrusion roller, and the extrusion force increases together with the decrease in the pressure angle in a specific variety. When the pressure angle is zero, the extrusion force reaches the maximum value. Immediately after the material enters the rebound zoneAppl. Sci. 2021, 11,5 ofat a particular angle, the extrusion force gradually decreases to zero. The horizontal pressure equation at any point on the surface from the extrusion roller is as follows [8]: pc ln1-0 1- 1-0 1-1 n 1 np(, ) =1 – (two ||)m 0p ln c( – )k 1 – (two ||)m – 0 s-(6)where p(,) would be the horizontal tension at any point in the extrusion roller in MPa ( would be the stress angle, = Z/B, Z could be the distance from a point on the roller surface to the vertical surface within the extrusion roller), 0 would be the angle in the beginning of compression zone, D could be the extrusion roller diameter in mm, pc could be the particular pressure of material in MPa, could be the Amrinone Autophagy relative density in the finish in the rebound zone, will be the angle at the end from the rebound zone, s is the relative density in the end of compression zone, and 0 would be the initial relative density. The calculation formula is 0 = 0 /, where 0 is definitely the initial density, is compaction density of material in kg/m3 , will be the pressure angle relative density from the corresponding material layer, n is the compression curve element, and m will be the axial distribution coefficient of stress, where m 1. The material employed was silica sand in this a.
