Hydrocarbonsrhamnolipid developed by PFAD were 47, 40, 22, and 43 , respectively. The determination of medium of medium composition, bacterial strain, forty, 22, and 43 , respectively. The determination composition, bacterial strain, and culture situations that establish the composition and distribution distribution of homolog moland culture problems that identify the composition andof homolog molecules current in the existing during the final products will determine the surface tension rhamnolipids [41]. ecules ultimate products will identify the surface tension properties ofproperties of rhamBecause [41]. Due to the fact the value of surface tension CMC were related have been comparable but nolipids the value of surface tension reduction andreduction and CMCbut the emulsion properties have been unique for rhamnolipids developed from PFAD or FAME, we recommend the emulsion properties have been distinct for rhamnolipids made from PFAD or FAME, the structure and composition of crude rhamnolipid made from PFAD and FAME we recommend the construction and composition of crude rhamnolipid developed from influences the FAME tension, CMC, along with the value of emulsification of emulsification index. PFAD and surface affects the surface stress, CMC, along with the valueindex.Table three. The result of rhamnolipid comparison developed from many sources of carbon and microorganisms.Microorganism P. IQP-0528 MedChemExpress aeruginosa PAO1 P. aeruginosa MR01 P. aeruginosa #112 P. aeruginosa ATCC 9027 P. aeruginosa Substrate PFAD FAME Soybean oil soap stock Olive oil mill wastewater Glucose Sodium citrate Surface Tension Reduction (mN m-1 ) 28 28 29 29 24 CMC (mg L-1 ) 62 62 24 13 twenty 56 Rhamnolipid Concentration (g L-1 ) one 10 5 0.9 1 Emulsion Index (24 h, ) Hexadecane 47 48 58 Kerosene 40 44 63 48 Sunflower Oil 22 38 5 Rapeseed Oil 33 46 References This review [30] [35] [32] [40]Processes 2021, 9, 2037 Processes 2021, 9, x FOR PEER REVIEW10 of 15 10 ofFigure three. Emulsion Index of rhamnolipids with hexadecane, kerosene, rapeseed oil,oil, and sunflower 3. Emulsion Index of rhamnolipids with hexadecane, kerosene, rapeseed and sunflower oil. oil.four.four. Modelling of Bioreactor FermentationTable three. The result of rhamnolipid comparison made from many sourcesthe cell development, substrate utilisation, The fermentation kinetics and modelling of of carbon and microorganisms.ln (X)and rhamnolipid production were described mathematically to give an improved underSurface Emulsion Index (24 h, ) standing from the fermentation method. In Figure four, the development kinetics from the growth of CMC Rhamnolipid Tension Microorganwith PFAD Substrate P. aeruginosa PAO1Concentra- and FAME as sources of carbon areRapeseed References (mg Sunflower proven, which might be Reduction -1 ism Hexadecane Kerosene -1 -1) L ) tion (g of Oil td , used to determine the rate L specific development h , doubling time Oilh-1 , the linear (mN m-1) two , as well as the initial fee of rhamnolipid producrelationship62 during GS-626510 supplier exponential phase R PFAD 28 47 forty 22 33 P. aeruginosa 1 This to for tion Pexp , g62-1 h-1 through exponential phase, which had been drastically essential review L PAO1 FAME 28 48 44 38 46 PFAD Processes aeruginosa Soybean oil mathematical modelling. In Figure four, it is actually proven that the exponential phase for11 of 15 as P. 2021, 9, x FOR PEER Evaluate 29 carbon source ten about 60 -h, whereas63 FAME – shorter time of about 24 h 24 [30] consider for a MR01 soap stock the sole Olive oil was observed. P. aeruginosa mill 29 13 5 58 [35] ten #112 wastewater P. aeruginosa Glucose.
